There is a shortage of teachers in schools in a number of regions of the country, especially in mathematics, physics, Russian and foreign languages. To solve the problem, the Cabinet of Ministers has created a Concept for the Training of Pedagogical Personnel for the Education System until 2030 .
On the eve of the new academic year, aif.ru spoke with experts in education and teachers and learned how they see the way out of the situation of personnel shortage of teachers.
The region is different for the region
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Far from on the entire territory of the Russian Federation, this problem arose. Basically, we are talking about the Far Eastern, Northwestern, Siberian, Urals and Southern federal districts. Here, there is a shortage of teachers, and the salaries of teachers did not grow as fast as as in other regional specialists.
And, for example, in the Magadan and Sakhalin regions, Moscow, and also the Nenets, Chukotka and Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs, the salary level of teachers amounted to more than 85 thousand rubles last year. And this that time when teachers in the North-Caucasian Federal District, in the republics of Adygea, Kalmykia, Mari El Mordovia, Altai Territory, Ivanovo, Kurgan, Pskov, Smolensk and rubles.
the problem of lack of subjects has another side — those teachers who now work in schools are mostly elderly: more than 650 thousand teachers have reached retirement age.
To solve this, the Cabinet of Ministers approved the Concept for the Training of Pedagogical Personnel for the Education System until 2030 . The document states that now the training of teaching staff in our country is carried out on the basis of 229 universities and 440 colleges of various departmental affiliations. But many graduates don go to schools. Yes and the knowledge that teachers receive often does not meet the expectations of employers and parents of students. The concept suggests that the requirements for training of teachers will be the same for all educational institutions.
“It is planned to strengthen the subject and practical training of teachers: to make mandatory such disciplines as “Russian language and culture of speech”, “Classroom management”, “Working with parents”, “Inclusion”, to improve the system of targeted education , especially in the most scarce pedagogical specialties, to use mechanisms for securing novice teachers in profession», — it says in the explanation of the adopted concept.
Among the measures that will allow attracting more graduates to — — for example, targeted training. A greater number of students will study on the direction of the university from the educational institution. Students will be taught modern digital technologies, and students-teachers will devote at least half of their time at the university to studying the subject they plan to teach.
“The work has already begun. With we are preparing a plan for the implementation of the concept with and will present it within within six months — — declared Head of the Ministry of Education Sergey Kravtsov.
«I don 30, I want 300»
It was with these words that a former English teacher of one of the schools in Chelyabinsk answered the question of an aif.ru correspondent. According to the young teacher, she left the school at the end of the last academic year, not because the prestige of the profession had fallen, but only because of insufficient salary. Before the pandemic, I received an invitation to work in China — Elena says. — However, for for obvious reasons the relocation did not work out. I was promised a salary that 10 times more than I received at school. I and know Chinese, I think that my knowledge is worth more than what they offer me for teaching children in municipal school. Our teachers — all pensioners who work because they cannot afford a modest pension. In the winter at school, in the summer in the garden. I want more».
«It depresses the fact that the work of a teacher is not respected»
Elena Istyagina-Eliseeva, Deputy Chairman of the Commission of the Civic Chamber of Russian Federation on physical culture and healthy lifestyle promotion, scientific director of the Institute of Sports Management and Law of the Higher School of Economics, believes that often experienced teachers of general education schools broadcast a rather pessimistic view of the personnel potential of receivers, note the poor preparation of graduates of pedagogical universities, the lack of desire for self-improvement. “As my very mature, 35-year-old school teacher colleague said, “They don’t work the way we do.” with pioneer enthusiasm» — comments Istyagin-Eliseev aif.ru. — And, unfortunately, the main task of young teachers is to earn money. But here you can understand them. For example, in the Chernozem region, an English teacher with a load of 32 hours, taking into account the additional payment to a young specialist, receives a net 20,000 rubles. In the Volga region, the base salary is from 6500 to 11000 rubles. With all additional payments, again, not more than 20,000 rubles. Actually, this analysis can be completed. Work on 2 rates — means to burn out in 2-3 years. The wage situation quickly cools the most ardent romantics. So it turns out that today it is beneficial for pensioners to stay in school: an increase in the pension, plus additional payments for merits, give 60-80 thousand rubles a month. As one of the heads of the Pedagogical School bitterly jokes: "Young professionals are more willing to trade — stand behind the counter for 40 thousand rubles in mode 2 2».
In the opinion of the Deputy Chairman of the Commission of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation, pedagogical universities accept a contingent with a very low USE score. Thus, those who did not enter the prestigious» university entrants submit their documents to "ped" to get a higher education. And then, after working in the specialty for a year, maximum three, they run away from the school. It is depressing that the work of a teacher is not respected.
«It is difficult for young teachers to work with parents — says Istyagina-Eliseeva. You need to be in control of yourself and to know psychology in order to gently and flexibly explain to modern dads and mothers the reasons for their child's lagging behind. Yes and in in working with parents these days — it is a separate art. I think that universities need to strengthen the subjects that would help the future teacher to behave properly with the parental staff. Nevertheless, the masters of school pedagogy note that young teachers are in great need of the school — children love them with all the gaps in knowledge and pedagogical experience.
Separately, I note that the issue of aging of the teaching staff is not easy. On the one hand, the country's leadership raises the retirement age and actively promotes the extension of active longevity, including working age. And c the other is looking for an opportunity to rejuvenate the teaching staff.
I think that you need to look not in passport, but at qualifications. There are retired teachers who do an excellent job with educational and educational tasks. There are also young teachers who, despite the lack of life experience, do an excellent job.
“Online makes it possible for children from the outback to learn”
Dmitry Danilov, CEO and founder of an online school, is sure that online learning will allow students in small towns to get the necessary knowledge, regardless of a good teacher in school.
“I see the introduction of online education in schools as one of the optimal and alternative ways out of this situation. The evolution of education leads to the emergence of numerous EdTech-projects around the world and in Russia in particular.
In fact, we all know the lack of good teachers and tutors at affordable prices in small towns, at least it is clear to those who live in such settlements. This is especially true for subjects in a foreign language, in particular, English. I from the small town of Cheboksary, and this problem was clear to me. Accordingly, students in small towns are less likely to get a good education and quality preparation for final exams in order to enter a prestigious university. And almost everyone has access to the Internet.
Online education, according to Danilov, has its pros and cons.
Pros:
< p>— Don't waste time and money on the road.
— The possibility of self-organization of the schedule, because recordings of webinars remain and their you can watch at any time.
— You can study with good teachers from all over the country. This is especially true for small settlements where the school may be very far away or simply absent.
Cons of online education:
— The need to develop self-discipline.
— There may be more lessons than offline.
— A large amount of information for self-study. There is very little structured material at the disposal of the student that will actually be useful to him.
"If we talk in to the future of school education, then I see — a hybrid of online and offline education. Socialization is needed, and the educational element must also remain. The second important part of any educational process — upbringing. Third — the teacher must teach the student to learn, in modern terms, “sell” study, that is, to interest, inspire study, which is exactly what online education with its tools and visibility can do.
If we talk about universities, then here I allow a number of specialties (programming, economics, sociology, and others), which can be obtained in online format and in a shorter period (a year or two, instead of 3-5 years traditionally). The world and professions are changing too fast today. But there are fundamental sciences — for example, medicine, and so far I can't imagine how today it is possible to train doctors only online without practical and laboratory classes — Danilov thinks.
From school — in entrepreneurs
Natalia Maksimova, former teacher of mathematics and computer science at a private school, is sure that online education, on the contrary, is quite difficult, first of all, for the teacher himself:
I came into school teaching after five years of freelancing as as a tutor. I worked at school the most difficult period — from mid-2019 (eve of the pandemic) to mid-2021 (completion of the second lockdown).
The specifics of the work was that I did not had a pedagogical education. However, I have very good communication skills, an engineering education from Bauman Moscow State Technical University and the desire to show children in school that computer science — this is a lot of interesting projects, and even standard excel tools can help you create applications on your phone. Since the school was private, there was an opportunity to move away from the obligatory Federal State Educational Standards, since no one passed computer science either in class 9 or in class 11, and we work in project mode. The school also had the opportunity, and they purchased a 3D printer for an additional computer science circle, which I led with pleasure for children in grades 5-8 . However, with the advent of the pandemic, the focus of my work has shifted from teaching to technical support for the entire school to organize the educational process so that children can learn from home, teachers can conduct lessons remotely, and and so on.
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This greatly undermined the desire to continue working, yes, and to interact with children. The specifics of children's motivation offline — not the easiest task, but already online and completely difficult to keep the attention of a child.
For myself, I found out that working with non-adult audience (up to 20 years) is ready only offline, and ;here with adults who themselves come with a request, you can in any format.
From school I went to entrepreneurship, realizing that I can make people's lives better not only at level of quality improvement school education, but in further development.
Now I am invited to lectures at universities, where I lecture soft-skills and entrepreneurship, develop my art of working with audiences, grow as a teacher. School wouldn't give me all this.
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